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The First Mounted Masked Troupe of the Kingdom of
Gasparilla, 1904.
From
E.D. Lambright's limited edition book
"The
Life and Exploits of Gasparilla, Last of the Buccaneers,
with History of Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla."
exclusively for members of Ye Mystic Krewe.
Courtesy of
Hathitrust.
The H. B. Plant Memorial Fountain a.k.a.
"Transportation"
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The sculpture
"Transportation," also known
as the "Henry Bradley Plant
Memorial Fountain," faces
west toward the
east veranda of
the University of Tampa.
It was installed in late March of 1902
while the
building was the Tampa Bay
Hotel.
THE SCULPTURE
The fountain sculpture
sits above atop a plain cast concrete and stucco
base at the east side of mostly circular cast
concrete and stucco fountain
basin.
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The
sculpture was designed with elements representing
various aspects of industries in which H. B.
Plant made his fortune. Atop the sculpture is
an eagle with spread wings, perched on a strongbox
held with its
talons; a beefed-up
version of the simpler shipping crate that
appeared in the advertising of Plant's
first company, The Southern Express Company.
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H.B. PLANT DID NOT START OR NAME THE SOUTHERN
EXPRESS COMPANY.
Contrary to what you've
heard before now, see
why. |
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This logo was not
used for advertising until after Plant's death.
|
Under the wings of the eagle are
a male and a female
sea nymph
holding
above their head
a clamshell-like
shield with
spikes
on the top
surface.
Under the
shields are
symbols of
Plant's transportation
networks
that were
responsible for the
growth and
development of
Florida during
the last quarter
of the 19th
Century.
On the right,
under the shield
of the male nymph, is a
rudimentary locomotive
representing the
Plant railway systems.
On the left,
under the shield
of the female, is an equally
rudimentary steamship
with two billowing smokestacks,
representing the
Plant Steamship System.
Between them, the lockbox
sits on the deck of an
ornate bow* of a
ship, between the sea
nymphs, with an
anchor rope extending
out of each hawse pipe on
each side of the bow.
Extending downward is a
shaft representing the upper
part of an anchor. Two large
fish, tail to tail, are
below each sea nymph,
entwined between each rope
and anchor shaft, the
mouths of which eject water
into the fountain basin.
*Not a stern,
the rear of a
ship,
like some websites claim.
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Various
modern-day sources found online basically tell the same
story, apparently not a result of independent
research, but the propagation of information
from one original source. They all
attribute the creation of the sculpture to George Grey
Barnard and that he was chosen/commissioned by the
widowed Mrs. Margaret Plant (H.B.'s second wife)
in 1900 to create the sculpture. |
Below from
"Tampa, Florida Photo
blogspot".
"Margaret Plant, wife of Henry
Bradley Plant, commissioned this statue and fountain
to honor the memory of her husband who died June 23,
1899. Titled Transportation, its design perfectly
reflects Henry Plant’s life spent building a
transportation network of ships and railroads. She
chose the sculptor George Grey Barnard (1863-1938)."
Mrs. Plant had the
sculpture installed in front of the hotel. The
fountain* itself is thought to have been designed
and constructed by hotel staff at her direction.**"
*The above source may be referring to the fountain
pool only. The fountain and fountain
pool
are two different parts. The sculpture itself IS
a fountain.
**Doubtful
it was designed and built by hotel staff. It's obvious that
the designer and builder of the base was a
professional. It had to support thousands of
pounds.. The same for the fountain pool as to it's
design and construction--nothing that someone with
no expertise in concrete basin construction should
or could design, let alone build. The blog has clearly
taken it's information from the Smithsonian Art
website below. This is purely guess by whoever
was interviewed by the volunteer staff of S.O.S. |
THE PLANT MUSEUM WEBSITE:
"TRANSPORTATION"
The Henry Plant memorial fountain
was commissioned
after Mr. Plant's death in 1899. This carved stone
sculpture was erected as a tribute to Mr. Plant and
his Plant System of trains and ships. The sculptor
was George C. [sic]
Barnard. The fountain is the oldest
public art in the City of Tampa and was completely
conserved in 1995. |
THE PLANT MUSEUM PHONE TOUR
from
Plant Museum website "History of Plant Park."
This fountain is a focal point
from the veranda and showcases the statue,
“Transportation,” which was
thought to be
commissioned by Margaret Plant in 1899 in memory of
her late husband, Henry. This statue by George Grey
Barnard is one of the earliest pieces of public art
in Tampa. Note [sic] the ship and train, representing the
foundation of Henry’s transportation empire. The
eagle holding the strongbox was the logo of Henry’s
first company, The Southern Express Company. |
SOUTH TAMPA MAGAZINE "4 Quintessential Pieces of Tampa
Public Art," May 19, 2020
McKenna Kelley
basically says the same as the other sources, she
attributes the piece to George Grey Barnard, but
provides a date of 1900 as it's commission date.
She refers to "Plant's wife" instead of
widow, a "train engine" instead of
locomotive, and at the center of the sculpture is "a
stern."
(It's a BOW. What ship has anchors in the stern?)
Beautiful photo in contrast to the writing. |
SAVE OUTDOOR SCULPTURE!
Save
Outdoor Sculpture! (SOS!) (1990-1995) was a
nationwide survey committed to documenting and
preserving America’s outdoor sculpture. Established
in 1990, SOS! helped educate local communities about
America’s endangered sculptural heritage. Working
with 106 cooperating regional partners, SOS!
conducted the first ever comprehensive survey of
America’s outdoor sculpture. From 1990 through
1995, nearly 7,000 dedicated volunteers were
recruited and trained to collect information on the
history and condition of outdoor sculpture in their
local communities.. They documented and
photographed nearly 32,000 outdoor sculptures across
America. The information they collected is part of
the Smithsonian American Art Museum’s online
Inventory of American Sculpture database. |
Below from "Smithsonian
Institution Research Information System "SIRIS"
Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art
Museum, and
Smithsonian American Art Museum and its Renwick
Gallery, with spelling errors and
erroneous references to the "stern" left
as is. The front of a ship
is the BOW. The STERN is the rear end
of a ship. Plant was a MAGNATE, not a MAGNET.
The
fountain was commissioned in 1900 by Mrs. Margaret
Plant, widow of railroad and shipping magnet
[sic],
Henry Bradley Plant. She had the fountain installed
in front of the Tampa Bay Hotel, built by Henry
Bradley Plant in 1891.
[The hotel was completed in 1893.] The historic hotel later
became the Henry B. Plant Museum of the University
of Tampa*. This statue is reportedly the oldest piece
of public art in Tampa. Barnard designed the statue;
Hotel staff prrobably [sic] designed the fountain.
... In the
center of the sculpture is a ship's stern
[sic] topped by
an eagle holding a treasure chest in its talons.
Flanking the ship's stern [sic] are male and female sea
nymphs... Sculptor
Barnard, George Grey 1863-1938, Save Outdoor
Sculpture, Florida, Tampa survey, 1994. Inventory
staff, 2000. SOS Conservation Notification Report,
1997.
Medium: Sculpture: limestone; Base: cast concrete
and stucco; Basin: cast concrete and stucco
IAS files contain related articles from
the Tampa Tribune and the St. Petersburg
Times, and excerpts from the books "The
Treasure City-Tampa," by Gary Mormino
and Tony Pizzo and "Plant's Palace:
Henry B. Plant and the Tampa Bay Hotel,"
by James Covington. For additional
information see South Tampa News, Nov.
8, 1995.
The Treasure City-Tampa contains only a
photo of the sculpture with no history.
There are no Tribune or St. Pete Times
articles from the period of when the
sculpture was installed.
TampaPix Note: The identity of the sculptor
and the history seen in the Smithsonian source above
was provided from "S.O.S" the 1994 campaign to
restore and repair old public sculptures.
*The
whole building became the University of Tampa in
1933.. The
museum was created years later at the south end of
the building.
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Frederic H.
Spaulding
unlocks the
front door
to the new
headquarters
of the
University
of Tampa
with Dean
John Coulson,
1933. From
"Under the
Minarets,
the
University
of Tampa
celebrates
fifty years
of progress,
1931-1981" |
BIRTH OF
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF TAMPA
Early in the
morning on
Aug. 2,
1933, a
battered
pick-up
truck
arrived at
Hillsborough
High School
on Central
Avenue. This
was the day
when Tampa
Junior
College was
transformed
into The
University
of Tampa and
when its
headquarters
moved from
the local
high school
to what was
then known
as Plant
Hall. (The
City of
Tampa had
bought the
the three
million
dollar
building for
$125,000
from the
Plant heirs
in 1905.)
Riding on
the truck
was its
president,
Frederic
H.
Spaulding,
the former
principal of
Hillsborough
High School
and the man
who had been
the
motivating
force behind
establishing
the first
local
university
for Tampa’s
high school
graduates.
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Portrait of
Frederic
Spaulding in
the lobby at
the
University
of Tampa
|
While the
school was
still known
as Tampa
Junior
College, a
committee
recommend
names for
the school's
athletic
teams. Since
St.
Petersburg
Junior
College was
expected to
be the arch
rival, and
they were
using the
mascot
Trojans, the
name
Spartans was
selected
from the
ancient
Greek
Trojan/Spartan
war.
In 1933,
when the
school
became the
University
of Tampa,
athletic
director and
head
football
coach Nash
Higgins
selected the
team colors.
Since most
of his
players came
from
Hillsborough
High School
(red and
black) and
Plant High
School
(black and
gold),
Higgins
combined the
colors of
those two
schools
making the
UT's colors
red, black
and gold.
See "Tampa
Gets a
University"
here at
TampaPix. |
It
is important to know about the events which were
taking place after Mr. Plant's death and just before
this memorial was installed.
MARGARET PLANT CONTESTS HER LATE
HUSBAND'S WILL
H. B. Plant (HBP) died in NY City on June 23, 1899. In
the most
recent codicil (update) to his will, executed just days
before his death, H. B. Plant claimed he was a
resident of Connecticut. So his Last
Will & Testament (LW&T)
was filed in New Haven, Connecticut by Mrs. Plant on the
advice of her husband's lawyers.
Upon learning
of the terms set up in this, his third codicil, Mrs. Plant contested
it, her lawyers claiming HBP was actually still a
resident of New York.
In
Connecticut, the trust HBP set up in the
codicil was legal, but in New York it
was not.
Under
the terms of the new codicil, Margaret
Plant and her step-son, Morton F. Plant,
would receive $30,000 a year each.
A lot back then, but a drop in the
bucket compared to the value of Plant's
estate. The bulk of his estate
(worth over $12 million at the time of
his death) was left to a yet-to-born
(hereafter expressed as "YTBB")
great-grandson in a trust to be disbursed when he turned 21.
Some articles claim it
would be when the YTBB great-grandson's YTBB youngest
sibling turned 21. Regardless, HBP's
grandson who was to be the father of this YTBB heir
was Morton F. Plant's son, Henry Bradley Plant,
II, who at the time of HPB's death was four
years old. So about eighteen
years would have to pass for HBP-II to
reach twenty-one, marry, and in nine
months have a son as his first child.
Twenty-one more years would have to pass
for this son to reach the age
requirement of the trust, or even longer
if the age referred to his youngest
sibling. At MINIMUM, the trust
would not be disbursed to this heir for
another thirty-nine years.
This legal
proceeding dragged out for almost two years.
In this time, the value of HBP's estate doubled.
It is doubtful that Mrs. Plant would
commission ANYONE to create a memorial structure in HBP's honor during this time of the litigation. But
it is not unlikely that Morton Plant
would have done such a thing, as he
became 80% owner of the T.B. Hotel.
In early Jan. 1902,
the
New York Supreme Court ruled in favor of Mrs. Plant,
issuing an opinion that HBP was really still a
resident of NY when he died.
See the court's decision.
A
short time later, the Probate Court in New
Haven, CT transferred the administration of the
estate, which by then had been assessed at about
$24 million, to New York.
Read about the final settlement of Plant's estate.
Mrs. Plant would inherit one-third, over $8
million, with her stepson inheriting the
remainder, after dispersing funds to HPB's
desired charities. Morton Plant's share
amounted to nearly double of his step-mother's.
Early articles about Mrs. Plant's contesting of
the Will state that Morton Plant was not a party
of the contesting of the Will and instead was
opposed to it.
|
See another excellent photo of the fountain at Tampa
Florida Photo
blog. See
a photo by Lee Friedlander in 1974
See a
very high-resolution photo
by
Neil
Marcus at PBase.
The
information online comes from volunteers of the S.O.S project who collected
information from the local communities. Why doesn't anyone
know WHEN it was commissioned or where it was sculpted, or WHEN
it was installed. What the Plant Museum provides
is "thought
to be..."
The T.B. Hotel was the jewel of Tampa,
and H. B. Plant put Tampa "on the map." Why
does something so significant
not have historical source documentation?
THE PICCIRILLI BROTHERS - THE
SCULPTING VERSION OF
GHOSTWRITING
A ghostwriter is someone hired to write literary or
journalistic works, speeches, or other texts that are
putatively credited to another person as the author.
Celebrities, executives, participants in timely news
stories, and political leaders often hire ghostwriters
to draft or edit their autobiographies, memoirs, magazine
articles, or other written material. (Wikipedia)
Tampa
Morning Tribune, March 28, 1902, page 5:
"F. Piccarilli [sic],
the designer of the Plant Memorial
fountain, is here to superintend the setting up of the
handsome piece of sculpture."
Notice this
is almost two months AFTER Plant's estate had been
settled and administered, with Mrs. Plant receiving over
$8 million worth of HPB's estate property including 20%
share of the T.B. Hotel, and his son, Morton
Plant, receiving over $15 million worth of estate
property and 80% share of the hotel.
It was more
likely that if either of the Plant heirs commissioned
someone to create this sculpture, it would have been
Morton Plant, as he received twice the share that his
step-mother received AND Morton was 80% owner of the T.B.
Hotel.
In
1888, Giuseppe Piccirilli (1844–1910), a well-known
stone carver in Massa, Italy, and a veteran of Garibaldi's
Unification war, brought his family to New York City.
Giuseppe, who was born in Rome and received his early
training in the atelier of Roman sculptor Stefano Galletti, came from a long line of stone carvers,
unbroken since the days of the early Renaissance. All
six of his sons—FERUCCIO
(1864–1945), Attilio
(1866–1945), FURIO
(1868–1949),
Masaniello (aka Thomas)
(1870–1951), Orazio (aka
Horatio, Horace)
(1872–1954) and Getulio
(1874–1945)—were trained
as marble cutters and
carvers."
Since there was no prior publicity
concerning this sculpture, the Tribune
MAY have erred in referring to Mr.
Piccirilli as the "designer." But
no mistake about it, he was in town to
supervise the installation of this
sculpture. It can be easily seen
that the sculpture was created in at
least two parts--a vertical seam can be
seen just left of center of the ship's
bow. The eagle and strongbox were
probably a third piece, thus requiring
assembly.
Although
the Piccirilli Brothers were known primarily as
architectural modelers and the carvers of other
sculptors' works, Attilio and Furio further
distinguished themselves as sculptors in their own
right." This is the same
family of brothers who carved the statue of Abraham
Lincoln for the Lincoln Memorial.
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At right, Giuseppe
Piccirilli and Barbara
Giorgi Piccirilli, ca. 1880,
parents of the stone carving
Piccirilli brothers.
Photo from "Evidence of a
Myth" by Eduardo
Montes-Bradley at Heritage
Film Project.
See:
The Italian Factor: "The
Piccirilli Contributions to
Public Art in America"
and
Furio Piccirilli, Notes for
a Documentary Film.
Unless otherwise noted, some
excerpts below are from:
How Six Italian Immigrants From the South Bronx Carved Some of
the Nation's Most Iconic Sculptures.
by Lucie Levine.
All six brothers--Ferrucio, Attilio,
Furio, Masaniello, Orazio,
and Getulio,--were born in Massa, Tuscany,
near the world famous marble
quarries of Carrara, where
their father, Giuseppe, was
a master carver. Giuseppe
taught his trade to all six
sons, and Attilio and Furio
continued their studies at
the Accademia di Belle Arti
in Rome.
Before coming to New York in
1888, the Piccirillis spent
two years in London.
Attilio and Furio lived in a
rented space in Chelsea
where Furio was the first to
find a job. Later that
year (1887), all the
Piccirillis from Massa-Carrara,
except for the oldest
brother Ferruccio, joined
Attilio in London. (Eduardo
Montes-Bradley at Heritage
Film Project.)
Fortuitously, the Piccirillis arrived in New
York at the dawn of the City
Beautiful Movement (1890 –
1920), a model of city
planning that sought to
engender moral and social
uplift through inspiring
civic architecture. The
movement’s monuments were
wrought in the classical
carving style the
Piccirillis had perfected.
Tampapix note:
There was also a sister,
Jole, born in June
1886 just before leaving
Italy.
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Photo ca. 1930 from
The Italian Factor: "The
Piccirilli Contributions to
Public Art in America."
Identification from
Mott Haven Herald "Sculpting
family carved Mott Haven
legacy."
Albert Ten Eyck, a
former sculpture curator at
the Met, explained, “with
the arrival of the
Piccirillis, it became
unnecessary for American
sculptors to go to Italy to
have their sculpture
translated into marble. It
became unnecessary, in fact,
for a sculptor to know
anything about stone
cutting, and some were quite
content to model in clay,
and have all their stonework
done by the Piccirillis.”
The brothers faced some
anti-immigrant sentiment
even as they worked to
realize some of the United
States’ most patriotic
sculptures. For example, the
Art Commission of Virginia
rejected Attilio’s sketches
for a bust Thomas Jefferson,
noting that the name
Piccirilli would not be
welcome in Virginia.
Similarly, The Lincoln
Memorial Commission rejected
French’s suggestion to have
“Piccirilli” inscribed on
the pedestal of the Lincoln
Memorial.
In fact, it was unusual for
the Piccirilli name to be
inscribed anywhere. The
brothers often toiled in
anonymity, and as classical,
figurative sculpture lost
favor to more modern styles
in the 1920s and ‘30s, their
relationship to the city’s
monuments faded into memory.
By the 1940s, an art critic
even suggested that the
bronze sculptures on top of
the Maine Monument be melted
down for the war effort. |
Above excerpts from:
How Six Italian Immigrants From the South Bronx Carved Some of
the Nation's Most Iconic Sculptures.
by Lucie Levine.
SEE PHOTOS AT THE NYPL
|
Only three mentions of
George Barnard are found
in the Tribune:
On Sep. 11, 1902,
the Students' Art Club
met at home of Mrs.
Deakyne. The club
president told of the
"young artist Barnard"
having recently been
commissioned with a
$350,000 contract.
She contrasted the
amount with how much
Barnard lived on while
he was studying in
Paris--"$350 for three
years."
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Barnard
first
studied
at the
Art
Institute
of
Chicago
under
Leonard
Volk.
The
prize he
was
awarded
for a
marble
bust of
a Young
Girl
enabled
him to
go to
Paris,[3]
where,
over a
period
of three
and half
years,
he
attended
the
École
nationale
supérieure
des
Beaux-Arts
in Paris
(1883–1887),
while
also
working
in the
atelier
of
Pierre-Jules
Cavelier.
He lived
in Paris
for
twelve
years,
and
scored a
great
success
with his
first
exhibit
at the
Salon of
1894.
He
returned
to
America
in 1896,
and
married
Edna
Monroe
of
Boston.
He
taught
at the
Art
Students
League
of New
York
from
1900 to
1903,
succeeding
Augustus
Saint-Gaudens.
He
returned
to
France,
and
spent
the next
eight
years
working
on his
sculpture
groups
for the
Pennsylvania
State
Capitol.
He was
elected
an
associate
member
of the
National
Academy
of
Design
in 189x,
and an
academician
in 1902.
(Wikipedia)
The club president's
mention of a $350,000
contract recently given
to Barnard was about
Barnard's commission to
create the sculptures
for the Pennsylvania
State Capitol.
The
Pennsylvania
State
Capitol
sculpture
groups
are a
pair of
larger-than-life,
multi-figure
groups
by
American
sculptor
George
Grey
Barnard,
that
flank
the west
entrance
to the
Pennsylvania
State
Capitol
in
Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania.
Barnard
was
commissioned
to
create
the
sculptures
in 1902,
and
modeled
them in
clay and
plaster
over
several
years in
France.
Piccirilli
Brothers
carved
them in
white
Carrara
marble
in New
York
City,
and
installed
the
finished
sculptures
at the
Capitol
in 1911.
(Wikipedia)
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If Barnard was
commissioned by Mrs.
Plant or Morton Plant to
create the memorial
sculpture installed in
front of the T.B. Hotel
in March/April of 1902,
why would the Students
Art Class president not
mention this, being so
relevant to Tampa?
If she did, surely the
Tribune would have
included this fact.
On Oct. 8, 1910,
The Tampa Tribune
published a short
two-paragraph article
"Six-year-old child of
George Grey Barnard has
fractured skull."
Datelined "PARIS, Oct.
5. The 6-year-old son of
George Grey Barnard, the
American sculptor, while
riding a bicycle today
was struck by an
automobile at
Fontainebleau. His
skull was fractured.
He was brought to the
Doyen Hospital here."
On Dec. 23, 1910,
the Tampa Tribune
published an article
about the Students' Art
Club meeting on the
previous day. An
oral review of George
Gray Barnard was given.
Now he was "...the
American sculpture who
ranks as second in the
world..." and again his
previous rags to riches
life.
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|
|
This
1917 article featured six sculptors. Only Barnard's
part is shown here.
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The
fountain was designed with elements representing
various aspects of industries in which H.B.
Plant made his fortune. Atop the sculpture is
an eagle holding a strongbox; a beefed-up
version of the simpler shipping crate that
appeared in the advertising of "Plant's
first company", The Southern Express Company.
H.B. Plant arrived in
Augusta, Ga. as the Southern district
superintendant of the Adams Express Company.
It's not until Apr. 20, 1856 that we find any
mention of him the local paper. Previous
notices for Adams Express Co. were placed by
other agents
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H.B. PLANT DID NOT START OR NAME THE SOUTHERN
EXPRESS COMPANY.
Contrary to what you may have heard before now,
widely-known Nashville businessmen
James Glover and A.K. Holt, southern
stockholders of Adams Express Co., formed a
co-partnership as "The Southern Express
Company." Plans were begun in September of
1859 in order to purchase the southern interests
of Adams, whose executives had decided it was
too risky for a northern company to maintain
business and property in the south.
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This logo was not
used for advertising until after Plant's death.
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